According to John McCarthy, AI is an ability to interact with the world in the form of speech, vision, motion, manipulation etc.
or Ability to model the world and to reason about it.
or Ability to learn and to adapt rapidly.

Future goals of AI
To build systems that exhibit intelligent behaviour
To understand intelligence in order to model it

A Brief History of AI
In 1955, Newell and Simon created the first AI program. The person who finally coined the term artificial intelligence and is regarded as the father of AI is John McCarthy.

Applications of AI

1) Faster web searching
2) Work in deadly environments like extreme weather
3) Real-time language translate
4) Delivering a correct medical diagnosis
5) Intelligent tutoring systems in education
6) Algorithmic trading in share market
7) Quick market analysis and data mining
8) Portfolio management
9) Human resources and recruiting(HRM) – screeing resumes and performance appraisals.
10) News, publishing and writing in media
11) Online and customer service
12) Self-parking and advanced cruise controls in cars and other vehicles.
13) Optical character recognition (OCR)
14) Robotics
15) Hybrid intelligent system

What is the programming language used for artificial intelligence and machine learning?
As it purely depends on what languages you like programming in. AI programs have been written in just about every language ever created.

The most common programming languages are.

• Lisp,
• Prolog
• C/C++
• Java (recently)
• Python(more recently).

You can also read on AngularJS here

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